Cave & Karst Science (ISSN 1356-191X)

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Contents of Cave & Karst Science 44(2)

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Cave and Karst Science (iv + 48pp) (PDF 7.0MB)        Individual articles may be available below

GUNN, John and David LOWE (eds.). (2017). Cave and Karst Science 44(2). Buxton: British Cave Research Association. ISSN 1356-191X. iv + 48pp, A4, with photos, maps and diagrams.
This issue has a cover date of 2017 (August) and was published in September 2017.

The Transactions of the British Cave Research Association

Front cover photo (page i) (PDF 324KB)     

by Greg HORNE and Louise JARRY.
An ice feature within Ice Trap Cave (Photo: Greg Horne, Louise Jarry).

 

Notes for Contributors (page ii) (PDF 264KB)     

 

Contents (p49) (PDF 417KB)     

 

Editorial (p50) (PDF 492KB)     

by David LOWE and John GUNN.

 

Vale: Noel Stuart James Christopher, BSc, PhD (pp50-51)  For download see previous item

by John GUNN.

 

Deeply submerged speleothems in Keld Head, Kingsdale, North Yorkshire (pp52-57) (PDF 1.4MB)     

by John CORDINGLEY, David LOWE and Tony WALTHAM.
A deposit of laminated flowstone lies at a depth of 9m at a point 550m into the Marble Steps Branch of the underwater cave system behind Keld Head, in Kingsdale, North Yorkshire. It has implications with respect to the past history of the cave system itself, and also regarding the timing of the Quaternary deepening of Kingsdale, understanding of which would be aided significantly by the result of an absolute age determination.
Classification: report.
Date: Received: 17 May 2017; Accepted: 15 August 2017.
Keywords: submerged flowstone; Keld Head; speleothem dates.

Bibliograph: CORDINGLEY, John; David LOWE and Tony WALTHAM. (2017). Deeply submerged speleothems in Keld Head, Kingsdale, North Yorkshire. Cave and Karst Science 44(2), pp52-57.

 

Travertine caves in Almopia, Greece (pp58-63) (PDF 1.5MB)     

by Georgios LAZARIDIS, Konstantinos P TRIMMIS and Spyridoula PAPPA.
Seven caves have been explored and surveyed within two travertine terraces (Aspri Petra and Baina) in the Almopia region, Greece. The Aspri Petra terrace is less faulted than the Baina and the caves of each terrace demonstrate differences that could be related to the degree of faulting.
Classification: report.
Date: Received: 30 January 2017; Accepted: 24 July 2017.
Keywords: Cave, Travertine, Almopia, Greece.

Bibliograph: LAZARIDIS, Georgios; Konstantinos P TRIMMIS and Spyridoula PAPPA. (2017). Travertine caves in Almopia, Greece. Cave and Karst Science 44(2), pp58-63.

 

Gordale Scar versus Malham Cove: further observations on these iconic landforms (pp64-65) (PDF 577KB)     

by Phillip J MURPHY.
Settings and local relationships of the classic landforms Malham Cove and Gordale Scar are briefly described and compared, with particular emphasis upon their differences and how or why these differences might have arisen.
Classification: report.
Date: Received: 18 May 2017; Accepted: 30 June 2017.

Bibliograph: MURPHY, Phillip J. (2017). Gordale Scar versus Malham Cove: further observations on these iconic landforms. Cave and Karst Science 44(2), pp64-65.

 

A conceptual model of Dinaric Solution Doline dynamics (pp66-75) (PDF 1.8MB)     

by France ŠUŠTERŠIČ.
Based on his previous field observations the Author discusses a simplified model of the dynamics of solution dolines, within the permanently lowering surface. The type of dolines discussed is characteristic of the Dinaric Alps in the western Balkans. Within the doline slopes three concentric zones (C, S, Z) have been recognized, characterised by their present slope processes. Excess mass removal (if related to background erosion rates) is kept within the (innermost) C Zone, i.e. the active regolith body. To make the interplay of five controlling parameters easier to visualize, some fundamental mathematical procedures are used. The crucial parameters of the doline expansion over time are the radius of the C Zone and the excess of the mass removal rate within it. It transpires that Dinaric (solution) dolines (DSDs) might not be young features. On the other hand, time spans that are too long would include essential surface lowering effects, and thus open the question of the long-term existence of the DSDs' active regolith body. The expansion rate of the doline perimeter decreases over time with the reciprocal of a quadratic function. The larger a doline is, the less its perimeter is a fair guide to its age. Considering that the geometric model is simplified to the extreme and that the constant values employed were not collected specifically for the present purposes, the model remains on the conceptual level. The actual results presented must be taken only as guidelines for future investigations.
Classification: paper.
Date: Received: 21 July 2017; Accepted: 21 August 2017.
Keywords: solution dolines, Dinaric Karst, karst geomorphology, modelling in geomorphology, Pleistocene.

Bibliograph: ŠUŠTERŠIČ, France. (2017). A conceptual model of Dinaric Solution Doline dynamics. Cave and Karst Science 44(2), pp66-75.

 

Glaciation and deglaciation age of the Stump Cross area, Yorkshire Dales, northern England, determined by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10 Be) dating (pp76-81) (PDF 925KB)     

by Peter WILSON, Tom C LORD and Ángel RODÉS.
Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) surface-exposure ages are reported for three glacially-transported gritstone boulders and one glacially-scoured exposure of gritstone bedrock in the vicinity of Stump Cross Caverns, North Yorkshire. Although the ages do not form a statistically consistent cluster, three of them nevertheless indicate that the transport and deposition of boulders was by ice of the last (Late Devensian) glaciation. The ages provide evidence for glacier ice at the Wharfe–Nidd interfluve, in contrast to previously held views that these uplands had remained above the level of the last ice sheet. The youngest of the three ages on boulders (~18.5ka) is taken as the best estimate for deglaciation of the area. This is consistent both with surface-exposure ages from sites elsewhere around the southern margin of the Yorkshire Dales and with uranium-series dated speleothems in Stump Cross Caverns. Together these results reveal that deglaciation of the Dales was most likely well advanced by ~18–16ka, facilitating the rejuvenation of surface and subsurface karstic processes.
Classification: paper.
Date: Received: 22 March 2017; Accepted: 25 May 2017.
Keywords: Glaciation, deglaciation, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating, uranium-series dating, ice-transported boulders, speleothem.

Bibliograph: WILSON, Peter; Tom C LORD and Ángel RODÉS. (2017). Glaciation and deglaciation age of the Stump Cross area, Yorkshire Dales, northern England, determined by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10 Be) dating. Cave and Karst Science 44(2), pp76-81.

 

Hydrogeology of the Banff Hot Springs, Banff National Park, Canada: a karst perspective (pp82-93) (PDF 1.9MB)     

by Charles J YONGE and David J LOWE.
The main focus of this paper is a hydrogeological perspective of the Banff Hot Springs. As the springs are of the carbonate type, this view shifts to the karst hydrogeological subset that involves both shallow and deep chemical dissolution. As a result we conclude that the hot recharge sources of these springs may be distant (10–100km) and possibly old (1–5ka).
The Banff Hot Springs at the Cave and Basin in Banff are the historical focal point of Banff National Park, the latter having been designated a national park in 1885. The hot springs have seen much research over the years, especially more recently. They lie within a small section of the 300km-long Sulphur Mountain Thrust, where it has been cut through by the topographically low-lying Bow Valley. The Sulphur Mountain Thrust is a 200m-wide thrust that ramifies as a complex thrust imbrication zone aligned NNW–SSE paralleling the Rocky Mountain cordillera.
The maximum depth of flow for the thermal water has been calculated to be around 3.2km, with discharge temperatures up to 67°C. Hot spring discharge, via the Sulphur Mountain Thrust, targeted the low-lying antecedent Bow Valley, the latter having commenced its incision with the Rocky Mountain Uplift from 160–60Ma ago. It is therefore thought that the groundwater flow-path might be ancient.
Recharge locations for carbonate hot springs are especially difficult to determine by precise methods (e.g. dye and isotopic tracing), resulting in flow-path lengths commonly being underestimated. The approach here applies a quasi-Darcian flow model, usually applied to epigenetic bedding-plane cave systems in unconfined karst, to those in thermal hypogene regimes confined by faults. As such, distal recharge is calculated to be ~80km from Banff within the vicinity of the thrust fault where it is highly brecciated and crossed by a number of lateral faults. The model, which assumes flow along major faults with limited transverse connections, is compared in this paper to thermal spring systems in Hungary, Turkey, the USA and the UK. In addition, to support the model, we compare the Banff Hot Spring karstification to a local relict cave system that is also developed along a thrust fault zone.
More recently, during the Holocene, tufa deposits have formed, and plans of caves that have developed within them are presented. The cessation of growth of these tufa deposits from 5.3–3.3ka has been explained in terms of climate change, but we advance an alternative, perhaps complementary, hypothesis in which Holocene post-glacial karstification of the system has allowed shallow groundwater to dilute the supersaturated underflowing thermal water.
Classification: paper.
Date: Received: 25 May 2017; Accepted: 22 August 2017.

Bibliograph: YONGE, Charles J and David J LOWE. (2017). Hydrogeology of the Banff Hot Springs, Banff National Park, Canada: a karst perspective. Cave and Karst Science 44(2), pp82-93.

 

Book Review (p94) (PDF 402KB)     

Adventures Underground (2017). Dave Haigh and John Cordingley. Abergavenny: Wild Places Publishing.
Classification: Forum.

 

Extended Correspondence. Historical Scientific Interest: Dating the Dales caves (p95) (PDF 471KB)     

by Tony WALTHAM.
Classification: Forum.

 

Research Fund and Grants (page iii) (PDF 237KB)     

 

Back cover photos (page iv) (PDF 345KB)     

by various AUTHORS.
Aspects of karst scenery (See contents page for photo captions).