This file is not intended to be read by humans. Please see the formatted index to item ref. cks128 - Volume 43(2)

# ===== HEADER SECTION
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%0 Journal
%1 cavekarstscience
%2 £6.00 plus postage
%J Cave and Karst Science
%E John Gunn, David Lowe
%D 2016
%C Buxton
%I British Cave Research Association
%P iv + 48
%Z A4, with photos, maps and diagrams
%N 43(2),2016 (August),August 2016
%@ ISSN 1356-191X
%3 The Transactions of the British Cave Research Association.
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# ===== ARTICLES SECTION

%P i
%T Front cover photo
%A Rob Eavis
%X David Cooke in a section of the well-decorated streamway of Krem Khung, discovered in 2012 in the Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India that is one of the wettest places on Earth (photo: Rob Eavis).
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%P ii
%T Notes for Contributors
%_ end

%P 49
%T Contents
%_ end

%P 50
%T Editorial
%A John Gunn, David Lowe
%_ end

%P 51-64
%T Subterranean biology of Morecambe Bay and the Isle of Man, British Isles
%9 paper
%A Max Moseley
%X The subterranean invertebrate fauna of the coastal area fringing Morecambe Bay in North West England, together with the nearby Isle of Man, is one of the most comprehensively inventoried in Britain. Accordingly it offers a useful documented exemplar of a cavernicolous fauna that is a result of post-glacial colonization by epigean species. The first species occurrence records were made as early as the first decade of the 20th century, and large collections were made in the 1960s and subsequent decades. The accumulated records reveal ecological patterns in more detail than currently possible elsewhere in the region. Distinct faunal communities inhabit cave thresholds, rock surfaces (the parietal association), dark zone habitats including decomposing timbers and clay banks, pool surfaces (cave neuston) and other aquatic habitats. A 'derived' parietal fauna, differing from the classic parietal association, can be recognized. Probable terrestrial mesocavern and epikarst species and seasonal transients are listed. Most of the invertebrates found in the caves are also common epigean species. These findings are consistent with characterization of caves as localized areas of transition (i.e. ecotones) between the epigean and the mesocaverns.
%K Morecambe Bay, Isle of Man, subterranean fauna, threshold, dark zone, parietal, timbers, clay banks, pools, streams, neuston, mesocavern, epikarst, seasonal transient, ecotone
%8 Received: 10 June 2016; Accepted: 24 July 2016
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%P 65-74
%T Comparative phylogenic analyses of cave- and surface-water Ostracoda from northwest Anatolia based on mitochondrial CO-I
%9 paper
%A Murat Telli, Okan Külköylüoğlu, Ozan Gönensin Bozdağ, Mehmet Yavuzatmaca
%X The class Ostracoda comprises one of the most diverse taxonomic groups within the subphylum Crustacea. Because of their unique community structure, species diversity and richness, ostracods can be used as indicator species of changes in aquatic conditions. In this study the phylogenetic relationships of 16 individual ostracods were investigated. Mitochondrial CO-I genes of eight species, belonging to six genera, collected from surface and cave environments were analyzed. Phylogenetic relationships were calculated using Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Neighbour Joining (NJ) methods, and the topology of all calculations were consistent with each other in that they showed a close phylogenetic relationship and monophyletic clustering within and between most individual genera of Heterocypris, Candona, Psychrodromus. Cave samples did not show clear separation from surface samples. Cave and surface species of the genus Candona are placed as sister groups in Bayesian and NJ trees, but are paraphyletic in ML. Cave and surface samples of Ilyocypris bradyi are sister groups in NJ but paraphyletic in ML and Bayesian analyses.
%K Ostracod, Mitochondrial CO-I, Cave, Turkey, Phylogeny
%8 Received: 23 May 2016; Accepted: 21 July 2016
%_ end

%P 75-78
%T The Himalayan career of Robert Dove Leakey (1914–2013)
%9 report
%A Stephen A Craven
%X This short paper, omitting the unsubstantiated and hearsay evidence, gives previously unrecognized credit to Bob Leakey for his short, but productive, activity in the Himalaya in the difficult years during and immediately after the Second World War.
%K Leakey, Himalaya, Toad Hole, Moila Swallet, Chakrata, Glennie, von Leyden, Bandarpunch, Kolahoi, Burma
%8 Received: 21 May 2016; Accepted: 07 June 2016
%_ end

%P 79-85
%A Rolf Vieten, Amos Winter, Alice V M Samson, Jago Cooper, Lucy Wrapson, Patricia Kambesis, Michael J Lace, Miguel Antonio Nieves
%9 paper
%T Quantifying the impact of human visitation in two cave chambers on Mona Island (Puerto Rico): implications for archaeological site conservation
%X Recent archaeological research has discovered well preserved historic and pre-Columbian art covering numerous walls inside caves on Mona Island. Human visits can pose a serious threat to the long term conservation of these fragile engravings and paintings by increasing condensation corrosion rates. The quantification of environmental changes to caves related to human visitation is relevant for prediction of condensation corrosion processes and cave site management policies. This study addresses the threat of increased condensation corrosion to cave art. Data collected in two caves show changes in cave air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) caused by visitation. Based on the environmental observations, cave air exchange times and condensation corrosion rates of different visitor group sizes were quantified. The corrosion rates increase with the number of visitors and also depend on the chamber ventilation characteristics. Periods of visitation might be the only times when condensation corrosion can occur, especially in cave chambers distant from the cave entrance. This evidence points out the need to develop a conservation management plan that takes account of visitation levels to ensure preservation for future generations.
%8 Received: 03 December 2015; Accepted: 29 June 2016
%Z openAccess
%_ end

%P 86-88
%T Karst development and surface water management in the West Cumbrian iron-ore field, Cumbria, UK
%9 report
%A Phillip J Murphy
%X Historical mining of haematitic iron-ore in western Cumbria is introduced, with brief consideration of relationships between ore deposits, geology and palaeokarstic features. The few recorded examples of surface and underground karst in the area are noted against the background of their geological setting, with speculation that unknown examples await discovery. Problems of surface water entering mined voids associated with underground karst features and fractures are discussed, accompanied by descriptions of surviving examples of engineered attempts to alleviate the problem.
%8 Received: 01 June 2016; Accepted: 17 June 2016
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%P 89-90
%9 Forum
%T Workshop Review: Advances in active tectonics and speleotectonics
%X This AATS Workshop was organised by Ivo Baron, Kurt Decker, Esther Hintersberger, Ivanka Mitrovic and Lukas Plan, all from the Natural History Museum and / or the University in Vienna, and was held at the Museum from 20-24 September, 2015.
%_ end

%P 91
%9 Forum
%T Book Reviews
%X (1) Cooper, M P and Mylroie, J E, 2015. Glaciation and speleogenesis - interpretations from the Northeastern United States.
%X (2) Kolbert, E, 2014. The Sixth Extinction.
%X (3) Prag, A J N W, 2016 (Editor). The story of Alderley. Living with the Edge.
%X (4) Carlon, C J and Dibben, N J, 2012. The Alderley Edge mines. Second Edition.
%_ end

%P 92-96
%9 Forum
%T Abstracts: 26th British Cave Research Association Cave Science Symposium
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%P iii
%T Research Fund and Grants
%_ end

%P iv
%T Back cover photos
%A John Dale, Tony Harrison
%X One of the 2015 BCRA Cave Science Symposium presentations, which subsequently appeared in Cave and Karst Science Volume 43(1), concerned details of maze caves in Northern England. Studies of maze caves, and understanding of their origins and development, have increased dramatically in recent years, yet to many they remain a source of fascination and speculation, as well as providing some interesting challenges for cave surveyors. (See contents page for photo captions).
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