This file is not intended to be read by humans. Please see the formatted index to item ref. cks119 - Volume 40(2)

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%0 Journal
%1 cavekarstscience
%2 £6.00 plus postage
%J Cave and Karst Science
%E John Gunn, David Lowe
%D 2013
%C Buxton
%I British Cave Research Association
%P iv + 48
%Z A4, with photos, maps and diagrams
%N 40(2),2013 (August),August 2013
%@ ISSN 1356-191X
%3 The Transactions of the British Cave Research Association.
%_ end

# ===== ARTICLES SECTION

%P i
%T Front cover photo
%A John Gunn
%X The entrances to Lingguan Cave (left) and Yanzi Cave (140m wide; 27m high) are prominent on the western cliff face of the Jinfoshan Mountain in the Nanchuan District of Chongqing City in southern China. Jinfoshan is a table mountain with an average elevation of about 2020m, towering above the surrounding valleys, which have elevations of around 700m. Beneath Jinfoshan there are more than 15km of large trunk cave passage typical of that developed in humid tropical karst areas. The size of passage is indicative of enlargement by major rivers, but no traces of their former surface courses remain, and the trunk passages are entirely relict. They are largely at elevations above 2000m and are thought to be the highest elevation extensive horizontal trunk caves on Earth (see further discussion in the Editorial). (Photo by John Gunn).
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%P ii
%T Notes for Contributors
%Z free
%_ end

%P 53
%T Contents
%Z free
%_ end

%P 54
%T Editorial Advisory Board
%Z free
%_ end

%P 55
%T Editorial
%A John Gunn, David Lowe
%Z free
%_ end

%P 56-61
%T Recent changes in the Holocene diatom flora of a karstic lake: Malham Tarn, North Yorkshire, UK
%9 Paper
%A Allan Pentecost, Pietro Coletta, Elizabeth Y Haworth
%X The phytoplankton, littoral epilithon, benthos and epiphytic diatom flora was compared with diatoms recovered from a 6.6m core through the sediments of Malham Tarn, a shallow, upland, internationally important karstic lake. A total of 50 taxa were found in the core, 80% of which occurred in the modern samples. The surface sediments contained c.108 frustules g-1 dry sediment but declined rapidly and irregularly to around 105 g-1 at 3.5m depth. Preservation of diatoms appeared to be erratic, although frustule dissolution was observed throughout, making environmental interpretation difficult. Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris occurred with moderate to low frequency throughout the core apart from the top 10cm and was notable in being rare in the modern flora of the Tarn and its catchment. The decline of Mastogloia and current abundance of Asterionella formosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii suggest that recent enrichment has occurred, supporting previous geochemical data. The recent enrichment appears to have been preceded by a long period of marl formation during which the diatom flora changed little over time.
%K Malham, karst lake, palaeoecology, preservation, Mastogloia
%8 Received: 23 November 2012; Accepted: 24 April 2013
%Z summary
%_ end

%P 62-72
%T Underground watercourses beneath the Swaledale-Wensleydale surface watershed, Yorkshire Dales, UK: a review and extension of tracer dye-test data
%9 Report
%A Tony Harrison
%X The moors and pastures between the River Swale and the River Ure in the Yorkshire Dales are the type location of the Yoredale Group cyclothems of repeated limestones, shales and sandstones. During the early 1950s Jack Myers developed the theory that underground water-courses within the Great Limestone Member, one of the cyclothems in the upper part of the Group in this area, may be of considerable length and may also pass beneath the surface watershed. This paper reviews the results of his subsequent qualitative dye testing studies over 1958-1960, and those of follow-up dye testing work carried out between 1989-1992 by the BCRA Hydrology Group. Additional dye tests carried out during 2012 and 2013 are also described. These three studies have confirmed the existence of many underground drainage systems, including eight crossing beneath the Swale-Ure surface watershed, and have identified several of the sinks that feed important resurgences along the interfluve, including Cliff Force Cave and Crackpot Cave.
%K tracer dye tests, Great Limestone, Swaledale, Wensleydale.
%8 Received: 25 April 2013; Accepted 20 May 2013
%Z summary
%_ end

%P 73-78
%T Calcite cones in Hang Va, Vietnam
%9 Report
%A Howard Limbert, Deb Limbert, Tony Waltham
%X A dry gour pool in the Hang Va cave, in the Phong Nha karst of Vietnam, contains a large group of tall calcite cones. These are probably raft cones with a subsequent calcite overgrowth, but evidence for the origin and development of the cones is conflicting and debatable.
%8 Received: 06 April 2013; Accepted: 30 April 2013
%Z summary
%_ end

%P 79-86
%T Review and prospectus of the Late Pleistocene fauna of the Red Hills Road Cave, Jamaica
%9 Paper
%A Stephen K Donovan, Els Baalbergen, Marlous Ouwendijk, Christopher R C Paul, Lars W van den Hoek Ostende
%X The Red Hills Road Cave (or fissure) in the parish of St Andrew, Jamaica, is an insignificant remnant of a karstic feature that was largely quarried away during road building before the mid-1980s. However, it is the most important site for Late Pleistocene terrestrial palaeontology on the island; 80+ species have been recognised, although some await formal description. The site is about 30,000 years old (oxygen isotope stage 3), but may span at least 15,000 years. The invertebrate fauna includes both land snails and arthropods, largely or entirely derived from the surrounding area; none are obligate cave dwellers. The 62 species of land snails are the most diverse of any Jamaican cave, but, unlike other sites, do not indicate local environmental stability during the Late Pleistocene; only about half the snail taxa found in the cave still occur in the local area. The arthropods include the only fossil millipedes, isopods and insects (fly puparia, beetle elytra) in the Jamaican fossil record, in addition to a land crab. The vertebrate fauna remains under-studied, but includes a rodent, three species of bat and a flightless ibis, in addition to undifferentiated bird, reptile and amphibian remains.
%K oxygen isotope stage 3, taphonomy, palaeoecology, vertebrates, land snails, arthropods
%8 Received:19 March 2013; Accepted 05 June 2013
%Z openAccess, summary
%_ end

%P 87-91
%T The "gulfs" of Greenhow Hill, North Yorkshire, UK
%9 Report
%A Phillip J Murphy, Shirley Everett
%X Sediment-filled karstic cavities known locally as gulfs or gulphs were encountered by miners working the mineral veins of the Greenhow Hill mining field in the Yorkshire Dales, UK. Based upon study of limited historical records of the mine workings, subsequent publications, and examination of the few gulfs still accessible, it appears that the main phase of gulf development post-dates late Permian mineral emplacement but some might, at least in part, pre-date mineral emplacement. Available evidence suggests that clastic sediments, which include re-worked epigenetic mineral material and occupy all reported and accessible gulf cavities, might have been emplaced during an interglacial warm phase older than the Last Glacial Maximum.
%8 Received: 25 February 2013; Accepted 01 May 2013
%Z summary
%_ end

%P 92-96
%T The Rucksack Club's speleological record, and the demise of the Kyndwr Club
%9 Report
%A Stephen A Craven, Michael L Dent
%X An account is given of the speleological activities of the Manchester-based Rucksack Club, including its members' contribution in England and overseas to cave exploration, to cave science and to club politics.
%K Rucksack Club, Kyndwr Club, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Ernest Baker, Forbes Boyd, Harold Cooke, Stephen Forrester, Botswana, France, Tanzania.
%8 Received: 29 October 2012; Accepted 25 April 2013
%Z summary
%_ end

%P 97-99
%9 Forum
%T Book Review: Caves and Karst of the Yorkshire Dales (Volume 1), Edited by Tony Waltham and David Lowe
%A Chas Yonge
%Z free
%_ end

%P 100
%9 Forum
%T World Karst Science
%X 1) Subterranean Biology, 10. 2012
%X 2) Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, Volume 74(1). April 2013
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%P iii
%T Research Fund and Grants
%Z free
%_ end

%P iv
%T Back cover photos
%X A selection of images relating to the Porcellanous Bed in the Yorkshire Dales. See contents page for list of photos and credits.
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